| 引言与背景知识 |
| 1 |
课程组织；学习的精髓 |
Feigenbaum, E. A. Knowledge Engineering: The Applied Side of Artificial Intelligence. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1984, pp. 91-107.
Newell, A. "The Knowledge Level." Artificial Intelligence Magazine (Summer 1981): 1-20+.
Topolski, A. S., and D. K. Reece. "Packaging Advisortm: An Expert System for Rigid Plastic Food Package Design." In Proc Innovative Applications of AI. Edited by H. Schoor and A. Rappaport. Melo Park, CA: AAAI/MIT Press, 1989, pp. 348-357. |
| 2 |
指出需要知道的东西；搜索 |
Korf, R. E. "Search: A Survey of Recent Results." In Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988, pp. 197-237. ISBN: 0934613672.
ACM Computing Surveys 27, no. 3 (Sept 1995): 337-339. [An update to the previous paper.]
Rowley, S., H. Shrobe, R. Cassels, and W. Hamscher. "Joshua: Uniform Access to Heterogenous Knowledge Structures (or Why Joshing is better than Conniving or Planning.)" Seattle, WA: National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-87, 1987, pp. 48-52.
Rich, C., H. E. Shrobe, and R. C. Waters. "Computer Aided Evolutionary Design for Software Engineering." MIT/AI Memo 506, Jan 1979. |
| KBS的精髓和语用学 |
| 3 |
KBS的起源：MACSYMA和DENDRAL |
Slagel, J. R. "A Heuristic Program that Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus." In Computers and Thought. E.A Feigenbaum, J. Feldman.Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press, 1995, pp. 191-203. ISBN: 0262560925.
Moses, J. "How SIN Differs from SAINT." Chapter 2 in PhD Thesis.
Feigenbaum, E. A., B. G. Buchanan, and J. Lederberg. "On Generality and Problem Solving: A Case Study Using the DENDRAL Program." In Machine Intelligence 6. Edited by Meltzer, and Michie. pp. 165-189. |
| 4 |
应用分析案例研究：案例导引 |
Sviokla, J. "Smartwave: The Wave-Soldering Expert System." Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, Harvard Business School Cases #0-187-062 and #0-187-063. |
| 5 |
应用分析案例研究：案例讨论 |
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| 6 |
基于规则的系统 |
Davis, R. "Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-based Consultation Program." Artificial Intelligence Journal, no. 8 (1977): 15-45.
Duda, R., J. Gaschnig, and P. Hart. "Model Design in the Prospector Consultant System for Mineral Exploration." In Expert Systems in the Microelectronic Age. Edited by Michie. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 1979, pp. 154-167.
Campbell, A. N., V. F. Hollister, R. O. Duda, and P. E. Hart. "Recognition of a Hidden Mineral Deposit by an Artificial Intelligence Program." Science, no. 217 (Sept 3, 1982): 927-929. |
| 知识表示和推理范例 |
| 7 |
S语义网 |
Quillian, M. Ross. "Semantic Memory." In Semantic Information Processing. Edited by M. Minsky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968, pp. 227-270.
MacGregor, R. "The Evolving Technology of Classification-based Knowledge Representation Systems." In Principles of Semantic Networks. Edited by J. Sowa. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pp. 385-400. ISBN: 1558600884.
Brachman, R., et. al. "Living with Classic: When and how to use a KL-ONE like Language." In Principles of Semantic Networks. Edited by J. Sowa. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pp. 401-456. ISBN: 1558600884. |
| 8 |
逻辑 |
Sergot, et. al. "The British Nationality Act As A Logic Program." Communications of the ACM (May 1986): 370-386.
Smith, D., and E. Parra. "Transformational Approach to Transportation Scheduling." In Proceedings of the 8th Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Conference. Chicago, IL.: IEEE Computer Society Press, Sept 14-17, 1993, pp. 60-68.
Brachman, R., and H. Levesque. "Undirected Behavior without Unbounded Search." ACM Surveys (Sept 1995): 314-316.
Ginsberg, M. L. "Epistemological and Heuristic Adequacy Revisited." ACM Computing Surveys (Sept 1995): 331-333. |
| 9 |
基于框架的系统 |
Minsky, M. "A Framework for Representing Knowledge." In Readings in Knowledge Representation. Edited by R. Brachman, and H. Levesque. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 246-262. ISBN: 093461301X.
Pauker, S. G., et. al. "Towards the Simulation of Clinical Cognition. Taking a Present Illness by Computer." Chapter 6 in Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence. Edited by W. Clancey, and E. Shortliffe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984. ISBN: 0201108542.
Miller, et al. "Internist-1, An Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Medicine." In Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence. Edited by W. Clancey, and E. Shortliffe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984, pp. 190-209. ISBN: 0201108542. |
| 10 |
不确定性推理，推理模型 |
Szolovits, P. "Uncertainty and Decisions in Medical Informatics." Methods of Information in Medicine 34 (1995): 111-121.
Heckerman, D., and M. Wellman. "Bayesian Networks." CACM (March 1995): 27-30.
Wellman, M., et. al. "From Knowledge Bases to Decision Models." Knowledge Engineering Review 7, no. 1 (1992): 35-53.
Dubois, D., and H. Prade. "What does Fuzzy Logic bring to AI?" ACM Computing Surveys 27, no. 3 (Sept 1995): 328-330.
Elkan, C. "The Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic." The Proceedings of the AAAI (1993): 698-703, and Reply to Comments on the Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic, IEEE Expert (August 1994). |
| 11 |
黑板 |
Corkill, D. "Blackboard Systems." AI Expert 6, no. 9 (September 1991): 40-47.
Erman, L. D., F. Hayes-Roth, V. R. Lesser, and D. R. Reddy. "The Hearsay-II Speech-Understanding System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve Uncertainty." Computing Surveys 12, no. 2 (June 1980): 213-253. (Also appears in: Engelmore R. S., and A. M., eds. Blackboard Systems. pp. 503-518.)
Nii, H. P. "The Blackboard Model of Problem Solving and the Evolution of Blackboard Architectures (Part One)." AI Magazine 7, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 38-53.
———. "Blackboard Application Systems and a Knowledge Engineering Perspective (Part Two)." AI Magazine 7, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 82-107. |
| 12 |
知识获取中的语用学专题 |
Cooke, N. J. "Varieties of Knowledge Elicitation Techniques." Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, no. 41 (1994): 801-849. |
| 13 |
知识表示摘要 |
Hayes, P. "The Logic of Frames." In Readings in Knowledge Representation. Edited by R. Brachman, and H. Levesque. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 287-296. ISBN: 093461301X.
Shubert, L. "Semantic Nets are in the Eye of the Beholder." In Principles of Semantic Networks. Edited by J. Sowa. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pp. 95-107. ISBN: 1558600884.
Davis, R., H. Shrobe, and P. Szolovits. "What is a Knowledge Representation?" AI Magazine 14, no. 1 (Spring 1993): pp. 17-33. |
| 问题求解实例 |
| 14 |
或然推理 |
Patil, R. S., P. Szolovits, and W. B. Schwartz. "Causal Understanding of Patient Illness in Medical Diagnosis." In Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence. Edited by W. Clancey, and E. Shortliffe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984, pp. 229-360. ISBN: 0201108542.
Patil, R. S. "Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Diagnostic Reasoning." Chapter 9 in Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988. ISBN: 0934613672.
Simmons, R., and R. Davis. "Generate Test Debug." International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1987, pp. 1071-1078. |
| 15 |
基于模型的推理 |
Davis, R. "Diagnostic Reasoning Based on Structure and Behavior." Artificial Intelligence Journal, no. 24 (Dec 84): 347-410.
Davis, R., and W. Hamscher. "Model-Based Reasoning: Troubleshooting." Chapter 8 in Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988. ISBN: 0934613672.
Hamscher, W. "Temporally Coarse Representation of Behavior for Model-Based Troubleshooting of Digital Circuits." International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Detroit, MI, 1989, pp. 887-893. |
| 16 |
基于案例的推理 |
Kolodner, J. L., and D. B. Leake. "A Tutorial Introduction to Case-Based Reasoning." In Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons, and Future Directions. Edited by D. B. Leake. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996, pp. 31-65. ISBN: 026262110X.
Slade, S. "Case-Based Reasoning: A Research Paradigm." AI Magazine (1991): 42-55.
Hinkle, D., and C. Toomey. "Applying Case-Based Reasoning to Manufacturing." AI Magazine (Spring 1995): 65-73.
Koton, P. "A Medical Reasoning Program that Improves with Experience." Los Angeles, CA: SCAMC Proceedings (1988): 32-37.
Chi, R., et. al. "Generalized Case-Based Reasoning System for Portfolio Management." Expert Systems with Applications 6 (1993): 67-76.
Porter B., R. Bareiss, and R. Holte. "Concept Learning and Heuristic Classification in Weak-theory Domains." Artificial Intelligence, no. 45 (1990): 229-263.
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| 17 |
带有约束的推理 |
Paltrinieri, M. "On the Design of Constraint Satisfaction Problems." Second International Workshop on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (PPCP-94), 1994, pp. 299-311.
Fox, M. S. "ISIS: A Retrospective." In Intelligent Scheduling. Edited by M. Zweben and M. S. Fox. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994, pp. 3-28. ISBN: 1558602607.
Kumar, V. "Algorithms for Constraint-satisfaction Problems: A Survey." AI Magazine (Spring 1992): 32-44. |
| 18 |
物理系统的推理 |
Forbus, K. D. "Qualitative Physics: Past, Present and Future." Chapter 7 in Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988. ISBN: 0934613672.
Stahovich, T., R. Davis, and H. Shrobe. "Qualitative Rigid Body Mechanics." Proc AAAI-97, pp. 138-144. |
| 研究专题 |
| 19 |
人类智能工程 |
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| 20 |
普通常识 |
Minsky, M. "Commonsense-based Interfaces." CACM (August 2000): 67-73.
Singh, Barry, and Liu. "Teaching Machines about Everyday Life." BT Technology Journal 22, no. 4 (2004): 227-240.
Lieberman, Liu, Singh, and Barry. "Beating Common Sense into Interactive Applications." AI Magazine 25, no. 4 (Winter 2004): 63-76. |
| 21 |
学习 |
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| 22 |
本体论和数据挖掘 |
Uschold, and Gruninger. "Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications." The Knowledge Engineering Review (1996): 93-136.
Noy, and Hafner. "The State of the Art in Ontology Design." AI Magazine (Fall 1997): 53-74.
Hovy, E. H., and K. Knight. "Motivation for Shared Ontologies: An Example from the Pangloss Collaboration." Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Sharing and Information Interchange, IJCAI-93, Chambery, France.
Gruber, and Olsen. "An Ontology for Engineering Mathematics." Stanford KSL Report 94-18. Stanford University, 1994. |
| 工程表示 |
| 23 |
工程表示与讨论 |
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| 24 |
工程表示与讨论（续） |
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| 25 |
工程表示与讨论（续2） |
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| 26 |
工程表示与讨论（续3） |
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